[Evaluation of the duration of fixation of adhesive products in the treatment of traumatic lesions of the oral mucosa]. / Otsenka dlitel'nosti fiksatsii adgezivnykh sredstv pri lechenii travmaticheskikh porazhenii slizistoi obolochki rta.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the duration of fixation of adhesive films in the treatment of traumatic lesions of the oral mucosa. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The patients were divided into 2 groups. In the first group, the affected area was covered with an adhesive film with solcoseryl, in the second group with a film with vitamin E. The film was glued to the affected area according to the instructions, the time of gluing was recorded, patients were warned about the need to notify researchers via messengers or SMS messages about the time of peeling or resorption of the film. The evaluation was carried out by the method of variation statistics (Student's t-test for independent samples). RESULTS: The retention time of the film in the oral cavity was expressed in minutes, the average value in group 1 was 48.4±9.19, in group 2 - 127.70±49.07. Thus, the fixation of the film with vitamin E was longer than the films with solcoseryl (p=0.000180). CONCLUSION: Both films provided sufficient protective effect during the retention period. However, in clinical situations where a longer barrier protective effect to the damaged oral mucosa surface is required, it is advisable to use a vitamin E healing patch.

Comparison of Corneal Epithelial Wound Healing between Topical RCI001, Solcoseryl, and Polydeoxyribonucleotide in the Murine Ocular Alkali Burn Model.

PURPOSE: To compare the corneal epithelial wound healing effects of RCI001, Solcoseryl, and polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) in a rat alkali burn model. METHODS: In 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats, we induced alkali burn using filter paper soaked in 0.2N sodium hydroxide. The rats were then treated with topical 0.5% RCI001, 1.0% RCI001, Solcoseryl, or PDRN twice a day for 2 weeks. Corneal epithelial integrity and epithelial healing rate were measured at day 0, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14. Histologic and immunohistochemistry findings were also assessed. RESULTS: Both the 0.5% and 1.0% RCI001 groups showed significantly more epithelial healing compared to the control group at day 5, 7, 10, and 14 (each p < 0.05). No statistical difference was found between the 0.5% and 1.0% RCI001 groups. Neither the Solcoseryl nor the PDRN groups showed a significant difference from the control. RCI001 treatment resulted in significantly reduced stromal edema, and a trend towards less inflammatory cell infiltration. CONCLUSIONS: Topical application of RCI001 showed enhanced corneal epithelial wound healing in the murine corneal alkali burn model, presumably by suppressing inflammation. Meanwhile, Solcoseryl and PDRN did not show sufficient therapeutic effects compared to RCI001.

[WOUND HEALING PROPERTIES OF THE RECOMBINANT HUMAN ANGIOGENIN IN THE GEL MEDICINAL FORM USED AS A TREATMENT IN THE MODEL OF PLANAL MUSCULOCUTANEOUS AND LINEAR WOUNDS].

The aim of the study was to evaluate the wound healing properties of the recombinant human angiogenin drug in the gel form on the models of planar musculocutaneous wound and a linear wound. The rats were divided into 3 groups: 1st group - control animals, that did not get any treatment of wounds; 2nd group - experimental, where animals' wound surface was treated with recombinant human angiogenin in a gel medicinal form; and the 3rd group - a comparison group, where animals were treated with "Solcoseryl" drug. The resulted morphology data and the time of complete epithelialization of planar wounds suggest that the human angiogenin drug in gel form has a pronounced wound healing activity. The latter surpasses the studied parameters of the reference drug "Solcoseryl", by contributing to the acceleration of healing process of planar musculocutaneous and linear wounds in rats.

Screening for the protective effect target of deproteinized extract of calf blood and its mechanisms in mice with CCl4-induced acute liver injury.

Liver injury is a common pathological basis of various liver diseases, and long-term liver injury is often an important initiation factor leading to liver fibrosis and even liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It has been reported that deproteinized extract of calf blood (DECB) can inhibit the replication of hepatitis B virus and confers a protective effect on the liver after traumatic liver injury. However, few studies on the regulatory factors and mechanisms of DECB have been reported. In this current study, an acute mouse liver injury model was established with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The differentially expressed genes and related cell signal transduction pathways were screened using mRNA expression microarray. STEM software V1.3.6 was used for clustering gene functions, and the DAVID and KEGG databases were applied for the analysis. A total of 1355 differentially expressed genes were selected, among which nine were validated by RT-qPCR. The results showed that the Fas, IL1b, Pik3r1, Pik3r5, Traf2, Traf2, Csf2rb2, Map3k14, Pik3cd and Ppp3cc genes were involved in the regulation of DECB in an acute mouse liver injury model. Targets of the protective effects of DECB and its related mechanisms were found in mice with acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride, which may provide an important theoretical basis for further DECB research.

[Effect of actovegin and solcoseryl on microcirculation in experimental critical lower limb ischaemia]. / Vliianie aktovegina i solkoserila na mikrotsirkuliatsiiu pri kriticheskoi ishemii nizhnikh konechnostei v éksperimente.

The authors examined the effect of actovegin and solcoseryl on microcirculation parameters in treatment of experimental critical lower limb ischaemia. The study included a total of 130 male Wistar albino rats divided into four groups: intact, control, first and second study groups. The intact group consisted of 10 animals used for assessment of the normal indices of microcirculation, with the remaining three groups comprising 40 rats each. All animals, except the intact ones, were subjected to modelled critical ischaemia of a hind limb. The control group animals received no treatment, with the rats of the first and second study groups given intraperitoneal actovegin and solcoseryl, respectively, at a dose of 50 µg/kg first injected 3 hours after the operation and then once daily for five days. The level of microcirculation in the murine crural muscles was assessed by means of laser Doppler flowmetry on postoperative days 5, 10, 21 and 28. At the same time intervals, we performed histological examination of the ischaemized muscles, determining the level of microcirculation, the level of arteriovenular shunting, the area of necrosis and capillary network density. It was determined that actovegin and solcoseryl exerted a positive effect on formation of new capillaries in the ischaemized muscles, increasing density of the capillary network, decreasing arteriovenular shunting, increasing the level of microcirculation, decreasing the specific area of muscular tissue necrosis. The obtained findings showed advantages of actovegin over solcoseryl by the dynamics of the parameters of microcirculation, arteriovenular shunting, and capillary network density.

Pregnancy and lactation period: Which antibiotic and rinsing solutions? / Grossesse et allaitement: antibiotiques, solutions de rinçage de bouche et pâtes ou pommades

The aim of this paper is to show aspects of dental treatment in pregnancy. The reader should gain security in the election of the proper drugs for antibiotic therapy and rinsing solutions. Antibiotics as penicillins are the first choice in case of dental infections in pregnancy. In allergic patients, macrolides may be an alternative. Wound and mouth rinsing solutions containing chlorhexidine should be preferred in pregnancy. Ledermix(®) in endodontic treatment should be avoided in the pregnant woman. Solcoseryl(®) can be used for wound healing. Elective dental procedures should be postponed after delivery and after lactation period.

Pregnancy and lactation period: Which antibiotic and rinsing solutions? / Schwangerschaft und Stillzeit: Antibiotika, Spülungen und Pasten

The aim of this paper is to show aspects of dental treatment in pregnancy. The reader should gain security in the election of the proper drugs for antibiotic therapy and rinsing solutions. Antibiotics as penicillins are the first choice in case of dental infections in pregnancy. In allergic patients, macrolides may be an alternative. Wound and mouth rinsing solutions containing chlorhexidine should be preferred in pregnancy. Ledermix(®) in endodontic treatment should be avoided in the pregnant woman. Solcoseryl(®) can be used for wound healing. Elective dental procedures should be postponed after delivery and after lactation period.

Evaluation of wound healing effects between Salvadora persica ointment and Solcoseryl jelly in animal model.

In this research study very first time a herbal ointment contain 10% Salvadora persica extract was compared with Solcosseryl jelly 10% and blank Vaseline to evaluate wound healing effects using excision wound healing model in animals. Three groups of rats (n-6) were experimentally wounded on the back of their neck. Group I was dressed with Vaseline containing 10% test drug, Group II was treated with thin layer of Solcoseryl jelly 10% as reference drug while Group III was dressed with thin layer of blank Vaseline as control group. The effect of vehicle on rate of wound healing were assessed and in all cases there were progressive decreased in wound area with time but wound dress with Vaseline containing S. persica extract and wound treated with Solcosseryl jelly significantly healed earlier than those treated with Vaseline. It is concluded that S. persica extract significantly enhance the acceleration rate of wound enclosure in rats.

In vitro evaluation of the inhibitory effect of canine serum, canine fresh frozen plasma, freeze-thaw-cycled plasma, and Solcoseryl™ on matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9.

OBJECTIVE: Compare the efficacy of canine serum, fresh frozen plasma (FFP), freeze-thaw-cycled plasma (FTCP), and Solcoseryl(™) at inhibiting matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) 2 and 9 in vitro. PROCEDURE: Matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 activity in the presence of serum, FFP, FTCP, or Solcoseryl(™) was assayed using a commercially available fluorogenic gelatinase activity kit. RESULTS: Matrix metalloproteinases 2 activity in the presence of serum, FFP, FTCP, and Solcoseryl(™) was 20.84%, 5.76%, 8.10%, and 83.03%, respectively of uninhibited MMP 2 activity. MMP 9 activity in the presence of serum, FFP, FTCP, and Solcoseryl(™) was 57.36%, 58.35%, 49.35%, and -8.69%, respectively of uninhibited MMP 9 activity. CONCLUSION: Serum, FFP, and FTCP exhibit similar levels of MMP 2 and 9 inhibitions. Solcoseryl(™) causes minimal MMP 2 inhibition, but profound MMP 9 inhibition.

Cellular toxicity of calf blood extract on human corneal epithelial cells in vitro.

PURPOSE: To investigate the biologic effects of the calf blood extract on corneal epithelial cells in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The effects on corneal epithelial cells were evaluated after 1, 4, 12, and 24 h of exposure to various concentrations of calf blood extract (3, 5, 8 and 16%). The MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay was performed to measure levels of cellular metabolic activity. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay was performed to determine the extent of cellular damage. Cellular morphology was examined using phase-contrast microscopy. The scratch wound assay was performed to quantify the migration of corneal epithelial cells. RESULTS: At the 3 and 5% concentrations of calf blood extract, MTT values were similar to those observed in the control group. However, at a concentration of 8 and 16%, cellular metabolic activity was significantly decreased after 4 h of exposure to calf blood extract. After 12 h of exposure to 8 and 16% concentrations of calf blood extract, LDH activity and cellular morphological damage to the corneal epithelial cells were significantly increased. There was no evidence of cellular migration after 12 h exposure to 5% or higher concentration of calf blood extract because of cellular toxicity. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with normal corneal epithelial cells, the cellular activity was decreased, and toxicity was increased after over 12 h of exposure to more than 5% concentration of calf blood extract. Further clinical studies will be necessary to determine the optimal concentration and exposure time for the topical application of eye drops containing calf blood extract.

Comparison of Eye Protection Methods of Ointment Instillation under General Anesthesia

PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy of 3 different eye ointment instillations with eyelid taping and eyelid taping alone to prevent eye complications during surgery under general anesthesia. METHODS: A total of 296 eyes of 148 patients who underwent general anesthesia for at least 60 minutes were randomly assigned to 1 of the following 4 groups: group A, eyelid taping alone; group B, eyelid taping with solcoseryl ointment; group C, eyelid taping with carbomer ointment; group D, eyelid taping with lanolin ointment. Schirmer test, tear film break-up time (TF-BUT), conjunctival hyperemia scale (CHS), National Eye Institute corneal staining scale (NSS), and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) were prospectively evaluated before and after general anesthesia. RESULTS: TF-BUT was significantly increased in the group B compared with the preoperative value (p = 0.035). CHS was significantly decreased in all 3 ointment groups (p < 0.05) after general anesthesia and the degree was significantly higher in groups B and C (p < 0.001). No corneal abrasion developed after general anesthesia. However, corneal erosion developed in 20 eyes of previously healthy subjects; 8 eyes (12.5%) in group A, 0 eye (0%) in group B, 2 eyes (2.5%) in group C, and 10 eyes (13.9%) in group D. The occurrence rates of new lesions were significantly lower in groups B and C (p = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS: Both eyelid taping alone and eyelid taping with eye ointment are effective protection methods against corneal abrasion during operation under general anesthesia. Eye ointment instillation together with eyelid taping shows not only improvement of subjective symptoms but also improvement of objective ocular surface parameters proving to be an effective ocular protection during general anesthesia.

Comparison of Eye Protection Methods of Ointment Instillation under General Anesthesia

PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy of 3 different eye ointment instillations with eyelid taping and eyelid taping alone to prevent eye complications during surgery under general anesthesia. METHODS: A total of 296 eyes of 148 patients who underwent general anesthesia for at least 60 minutes were randomly assigned to 1 of the following 4 groups: group A, eyelid taping alone; group B, eyelid taping with solcoseryl ointment; group C, eyelid taping with carbomer ointment; group D, eyelid taping with lanolin ointment. Schirmer test, tear film break-up time (TF-BUT), conjunctival hyperemia scale (CHS), National Eye Institute corneal staining scale (NSS), and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) were prospectively evaluated before and after general anesthesia. RESULTS: TF-BUT was significantly increased in the group B compared with the preoperative value (p = 0.035). CHS was significantly decreased in all 3 ointment groups (p < 0.05) after general anesthesia and the degree was significantly higher in groups B and C (p < 0.001). No corneal abrasion developed after general anesthesia. However, corneal erosion developed in 20 eyes of previously healthy subjects; 8 eyes (12.5%) in group A, 0 eye (0%) in group B, 2 eyes (2.5%) in group C, and 10 eyes (13.9%) in group D. The occurrence rates of new lesions were significantly lower in groups B and C (p = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS: Both eyelid taping alone and eyelid taping with eye ointment are effective protection methods against corneal abrasion during operation under general anesthesia. Eye ointment instillation together with eyelid taping shows not only improvement of subjective symptoms but also improvement of objective ocular surface parameters proving to be an effective ocular protection during general anesthesia.

Interventions for treating leg ulcers in people with sickle cell disease.

BACKGROUND: The frequency of skin ulceration makes it an important contributor to the morbidity burden in people with sickle cell disease. Many treatment options are available to the healthcare professional, although it is uncertain which treatments have been assessed for effectiveness in people with sickle cell disease. OBJECTIVES: To assess the clinical effectiveness and safety of interventions for treating leg ulcers in people with sickle cell disease. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders Group's Haemoglobinopathies Trials Register.We searched LILACS (1982 to August 2012), the African Index Medicus (up to August 2012), ISI Web of Knowledge (1985 to August 2012), and the Clinical Trials Search Portal of the World Health Organization (August 2012). We checked the reference lists of all the trials identified. We also contacted those groups or individuals who may have completed relevant randomised trials in this area.Date of the last search of the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders Group's Haemoglobinopathies Trials Register: 21 July 2014; date of the last search of the Cochrane Wounds Group Trials Register: 18 September 2014. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials of interventions for treating leg ulcers in people with sickle cell disease compared to placebo or an alternative treatment. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently selected studies for inclusion. All three authors independently assessed the risk of bias of the included studies and extracted data. MAIN RESULTS: Six studies met the inclusion criteria (198 participants with 250 ulcers). Each trial investigated a different intervention and within this review we have grouped these as systemic pharmaceutical interventions (L-cartinine, arginine butyrate, isoxsuprine) and topical pharmaceutical interventions (Solcoseryl(®) cream, RGD peptide dressing, topical antibiotics). Three interventions reported on the change in ulcer size (arginine butyrate, RGD peptide, L-cartinine). Of these, RGD peptide matrix significantly reduced ulcer size compared with a control group, mean reduction 6.60cm(2) (95% CI 5.51 to 7.69; very low quality of evidence). Three trials reported on the incidence of complete closure (isoxsuprine, arginine butyrate, RGD peptide matrix; ranging between low and very low quality of evidence). None reported a significant effect. No trial reported on: the time to complete ulcer healing; ulcer-free survival following treatment for sickle cell leg ulcers; quality of life measures; or incidence of amputation. There was no reported information on the safety of these interventions. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence that a topical intervention (RGD peptide matrix) reduced ulcer size in treated participants compared to controls. This evidence of efficacy is limited by the generally high risk of bias associated with these reports.We planned to analyse results according to general groups: pharmaceutical interventions (systemic and topical); and non-pharmaceutical interventions (surgical and non-surgical). However, we were unable to pool findings due to the heterogeneity in outcome definitions, and inconsistency between the unit of randomisation and the unit of analysis. This heterogeneity, along with a paucity of identified trials, prevented us performing any meta-analyses.This Cochrane review provides some evidence for the effectiveness of one topical intervention - RGD peptide matrix. However, this intervention was assessed as having a high risk of bias due to inadequacies in the single trial report. Other included studies were also assessed as having a high risk of bias. We recommend that readers interpret the trial results with caution. The safety profile of the all interventions was inconclusive.

[Corneal protection in contact lens users].

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of corneoprotective agents (Corneregel and Solcoseryl) in contact lens users. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 66 long-term contact lens wearers with dry eye symptoms and varying degrees of corneal epitheliopathy were monitored. All patients used artificial tears, which, however, were not effective enough to suppress manifestations of corneal epitheliopathy and to release the associated discomfort. The therapy was supplemented with Corneregel. The following examination methods were applied: biomicroscopy with fluorescent staining, Norn test, Schirmer's test, advanced tearscopy with digital image analysis of the precorneal tear film lipid layer, corneal confocal microscopy. In all cases the assessment was performed prior to starting Corneregel and repeated in 7 days, 14 days and 1 month. RESULTS: Complete corneal re-epithelization and restoration of the most superficial layer of the epithelium were achieved within 7-14 days. In case of severe initial epitheliopathy the effect of Corneregel was not sufficient and epithelium defects remained. These patients additionally received Solcoseryl Eye Gel. After the treatment course the condition of corneal epithelium ameliorated and contact lens wearing comfort increased. A longer precorneal tear film break-up time indicated an increase of tear film stability. The total tear production did not change significantly. The moistening effect of Corneregel and low-viscosity artificial tears together with intensive regeneration of corneal epithelium enables structural recovery of the epithelial membrane and considerable improvement of the anterior corneal stroma. CONCLUSION: At the first stage of corneoprotective treatment it is appropriate to use preservative-free artificial tears of low and high viscosity. If the effect of tear substitutive therapy is unsatisfactory it is recommended to prescribe Corneregel and Solcoseryl. The regimen is to be adjusted individually.

[Prevention of complications fixed restorations in prosthetic patients with hypertension].

The author on the basis of clinical and laboratory methods justified, that the use of locally cream "Solcoseryl-Denta" persons suffering from arterial hypertension, increase the speed of recovery of normal epithelial layer of the cells of the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, and, consequently, prevents the development of complications in prosthetics. On the basis of research identified the need in developing a method of prevention of inflammatory complications in prosthetic patients with arterial hypertension.

Cell-based regenerative strategies for treatment of diabetic skin wounds, a comparative study between human umbilical cord blood-mononuclear cells and calves' blood haemodialysate.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes-related foot problems are bound to increase. However, medical therapies for wound care are limited; therefore, the need for development of new treatment modalities to improve wound healing in diabetic patients is essential and constitutes an emerging field of investigation. METHODS: Animals were randomly divided into 8 groups (I-VIII) (32 rats/group), all were streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetics except groups III and VIII were non-diabetic controls. The study comprised two experiments; the first included 3 groups. Group I injected with mononuclear cells (MNCs) derived from human umbilical cord blood (HUCB), group II a diabetic control group (PBS i.v). The second experiment included 5 groups, groups IV, V, and VI received topical HUCB-haemodialysate (HD), calves' blood HD, and solcoseryl, respectively. Group VII was the diabetic control group (topical saline). Standard circular wounds were created on the back of rats. A sample of each type of HD was analyzed using the high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) system. Wound area measurement and photography were carried out every 4 days. Plasma glucose, catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and platelets count were assessed. Wound samples were excised for hydroxyproline (HP) and histopathological study. RESULTS: Treatment with HUCB MNCs or HUCB-HD resulted in wound contraction, increased CAT, NO, platelets count, body weights, and HP content, and decreased MDA and glucose. CONCLUSION: Systemic administration of HUCB MNCs and topical application of the newly prepared HUCB-HD or calves' blood HD significantly accelerated the rate of diabetic wound healing and would open the possibility of their future use in regenerative medicine.

[Treatment of corneal ulcers with platelet rich plasma]. / Tratamiento de úlceras corneales con plasma rico en plaquetas.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of platelet rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of extensive corneal ulcers in albino rabbits. METHODS: New Zealand rabbits, divided in 3 groups, were used for the study. Corneal ulcers of 10mm diameter were made. Rabbits blood was extracted for the preparation of the PRP of the corresponding group. The blood was processed by differential centrifugation. The first group, named control, was treated with sterile saline every 8h. The second group, named gel, was treated with deproteinized extract gel beef fat every 8h, and the third group, named PRP received one PRP drop on the first and third day of monitoring. The rabbits were monitored, by taking photographs, each day for the 7 days that the study lasted. RESULTS: A better outcome was observed in the group with deproteinized extract gel beef fat (GE group), and the PRP group (PL group), in comparison with the control group (CO group) (P<.05). CONCLUSION: The PRP showed to be just as effective as the commercial product (Solcoseryl®), for the regeneration of the extensive and deep corneal ulcers. Besides, it stands out as a no surgical procedure is required, and there is easy access, low cost and reduced doses.

[The clinical efficiency of calf blood extract gel on moderate to severe dry eye induced by chronic graft versus host diseases after bone marrow transplantation].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical efficiency of calf blood extract gel on dry eye induced by chronic graft versus host diseases after bone marrow transplantation. METHODS: It was a two-stage cross-over design double-blind controlled study. Twelve patients (twenty-four eyes) diagnosis dry eye induced by chronic graft versus diseases in Ocular Surface Out-patient Clinic of Xiamen University Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center 2009 from 2010 to were divide into two groups: group A accepted the treatment of autologous serum in the first stage and group B accepted the treatment of calf blood extract gel, after one month of elution, group A accepted calf blood extract gel and group B accepted autologous serum. The signs and symptoms with different therapies were recorded at the time of pre and post therapies, which were analyzed by Wilcoxon analysis and two-stage cross-over analysis. RESULTS: Ocular dry eye symptoms including visual tiredness, dry and unsmooth sensation, foreign body sensation, photophobia, pain, redness and visual acuity had been improved in both autologous serum therapy (U = 22.5, 43.2, 27.0, 17.4, 21.5, 38.5, 23.0, P < 0.05) and calf blood extract gel therapy (U = 333.0, 24.5, 29.0, 40.5, 26.0, 36.0, 51.0, P < 0.05) after two-week treatment. Corneal FL had significantly been improved (2.00 ± 1.00, 3.00 ± 1.50) (Group A U = 273.0, Group B U = 135.0, P < 0.01). Ocular dry eye signs and symptoms including visual tiredness, dry and unsmooth sensation, burning sensation, photophobia, pain, tearing, redness, visual acuity, corneal FL, TFBUT and S It hadn't significantly improved between two kinds of therapies (F = 1.45, 2.43, 2.14, 1.91, 1.63, 0.51, 1.19, 0.68, 2.75, 0.77, 1.23, P > 0.05) or between two kinds of offering drug orders (F = 3.17, 2.62, 0.91, 1.42, 0.89, 2.17, 0.95, 1.54, 3.21, 6.72, 1.37, P > 0.05) in the two-stage cross-over design. Only foreign body sensation had significantly statistical difference between two kinds of drug (F = 11.38, P < 0.05), while without significant statistical difference between two kinds of offering drug orders (F = 2.62, P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Calf blood extract gel can be consider as a alternative for the treatment of dry eye induced by cGVHDs, because of its functions on releasing ocular dry eye symptoms and promoting corneal epithelial cells repair.

Interventions for treating leg ulcers in people with sickle cell disease.

BACKGROUND: The frequency of skin ulceration makes it an important contributor to the morbidity burden in people with sickle cell disease. Many treatment options are available to the healthcare professional, although it is uncertain which treatments have been assessed for effectiveness in people with sickle cell disease. OBJECTIVES: To assess the clinical effectiveness and safety of interventions for treating leg ulcers in people with sickle cell disease. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders Group's Haemoglobinopathies Trials Register.We searched LILACS (1982 to August 2012), the African Index Medicus (up to August 2012), ISI Web of Knowledge (1985 to August 2012), and the Clinical Trials Search Portal of the World Health Organization (August 2012). We checked the reference lists of all the trials identified. We also contacted those groups or individuals who may have completed relevant randomised trials in this area.Date of the last search of the Group's Haemoglobinopathies Trials Register: 25 May 2012. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials of interventions for treating leg ulcers in people with sickle cell disease compared to placebo or an alternative treatment. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently selected studies for inclusion. All three authors independently assessed the risk of bias of the included studies and extracted data. MAIN RESULTS: Six studies met the inclusion criteria (198 participants with 250 ulcers). Each trial investigated a different intervention and within this review we have grouped these as systemic pharmaceutical interventions (L-cartinine, arginine butyrate, isoxsuprine) and topical pharmaceutical interventions (Solcoseryl(®) cream, RGD peptide dressing, topical antibiotics). Three interventions reported on the change in ulcer size (arginine butyrate, RGD peptide, L-cartinine). Of these, RGD peptide matrix significantly reduced ulcer size compared with a control group, mean reduction 6.60cm(2) (95% CI 5.51 to 7.69). Three trials reported on the incidence of complete closure (isoxsuprine, arginine butyrate, RGD peptide matrix). None reported a significant effect. No trial reported on: the time to complete ulcer healing; ulcer-free survival following treatment for sickle cell leg ulcers; quality of life measures; or incidence of amputation. There was no reported information on the safety of these interventions. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence that a topical intervention (RGD peptide matrix) reduced ulcer size in treated participants compared to controls. This evidence of efficacy is limited by the generally high risk of bias associated with these reports.We planned to analyse results according to general groups: pharmaceutical interventions (systemic and topical); and non-pharmaceutical interventions (surgical and non-surgical). However, we were unable to pool findings due to the heterogeneity in outcome definitions, and inconsistency between the unit of randomisation and the unit of analysis. This heterogeneity, along with a paucity of identified trials, prevented us performing any meta-analyses.This Cochrane review provides some evidence for the effectiveness of one topical intervention - RGD peptide matrix. However, this intervention was assessed as having a high risk of bias due to inadequacies in the single trial report. Other included studies were also assessed as having a high risk of bias. We recommend that readers interpret the trial results with caution. The safety profile of the all interventions was inconclusive.